Journal of Environmental Accounting and Management 3(3) (2015) 243--258 | DOI:10.5890/JEAM.2015.09.004

Biswajit Nath$^{1}$, Shukla Acharjee$^{2}$, Atin Kumar Mitra$^{3}$, Debabrata Majumder$^{4}$, Beniamino Murgante$^{5}$

$^{1}$ Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh

$^{2}$ Department of Applied Geology, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh-786004, Assam, India

$^{3}$ Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Engineering, Sciences and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, West Bengal-711103, India.

$^{4}$ Samit Spectrum EIT Pvt. Ltd., Gurgaon, Haryana-122002, India.

$^{5}$ University of Basilicata, 10, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano, 85100 - Potenza - Italy

Abstract

Reingkhyongkine (Pukur Para) Lake is the largest hilly natural lake under Belaichhari Upazila in the Hill district of Rangamati, Bangladesh. Due to remoteness and rugged terrain this lake is never being investigated and not documented in the literature. This research is done following standard method and state-of-art-technology. As natural resource management foster sustainable development the present research is of immense importance. Global Positioning System (GPS) is used for water depth point positioning along with sounding techniques was used for water depth measurement. The highest and lowest depths are observed 145 m and 0.50 m respectively. The worldwide available Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS imagery of 13 May 2015 was considered as the base imagery to know the lake area at present context compare with other different years. The Lake depth and 3D configuration maps are developed based on field depth and derived contour data. In addition to this, surface elevation profile in different direction of lake and bathymetric mapping based on longitudinal and horizontal transect bottom topographic profile, lake surface area and water volume are also calculated to understand the real scenario of this largest lake. All these studies are integrated with local as well as the regional geological structures. The study using geo-integrated technology on Reingkhyongkine lake reveals that the changes of lake area which is 35.02 hectare (May 2015 Landsat 8 OLI Imagery), 40.65 hectare and 34.91 hectare (2010 and 1989 Landsat TM imagery) respectively which indicate an decreasing-increasing-decreasing trend scenario and changing at the rate of 0.11 percent per year and this changing phenomenon is related with the active tectonism of the area as the study area has suffered extensive thrusting, faulting and folding. Besides this the surface elevation of lake is not similar and it varies from 353 meter to 409 meters. Results shows that changes in the configuration and reduction of water volume of Reingkhyongkine Lake establish fragile conditions which indicate of its future drying status and needs continuous monitoring of water depth by considering environmental factors which are involved for the lake changes and finally researcher seeks urgent attention to international scientific community for protection and conservation of this hilly natural lake.

Acknowledgments

The authors greatly acknowledge the local tribal people during field investigation and NASA-GLCF of University of Maryland, USA for Landsat TM and USGS for Landsat 8 OLI-TIRS satellite imageries respectively for their free global land cover facility data archive to the world audience for academic research purposes and finally special thanks to the anonymous reviewers and editor of this journal for considering this paper in the special edition of JEAM.

References

1. [1]	Avouac, J.P. (2007), Dynamic processes in extensional and compressional settings-mountain building: From earthquakes to geological deformation, Treaties on Geophysics 6, 378-439.

2. [2]	Briggs, I.C. (1974), Machine contouring using minimum-curvature, Geophysics 39, 39-48.

3. [3]	Google earth Satellite Imageries version-7.0-user defined downloadable available at http://www.earth.google.com.

4. [4]	Falivene, O., Cabrera, L., Tolosana-Delgado, R., and Saéz, A. (2009), Interpolation algorithm ranking using cross-validation and the role of smoothing effect. A coal zone example, Computers & Geosciences 36(4), 512-519.

5. [5]	Fotheringham, A.S., Brunsdon, C. and Charlton, M. (2000), Quantitative Geography: Perspectives on Spatial Data Analysis, Sage Publications. Available at https://books.google.com.bd/books?isbn=0761959475, accessed on 09 June, 2015.

6. [6]	Håkanson, L. and Jansson, M. (1983), Principle of Lake Sedimentology, Springer, Heidelberg, p. 316. Available at http://www.geo.uu.se/digitalAssets/198/198054_1spm-lakes.pdf, accessed on 12 June, 2015.

7. [7]	Heywood, I., Cornelius, S., and Carver, S. (2010), An Introduction To Geographical Information Systems, 3rd Edition, Pearson Education Limited, UK. p. 262.

8. [8]	Jiménez-Munt, I. and Platt, J.P. (2006), Influence of mantle dynamics on the topographic evolution of the Tibetan Plateau: Results from numerical modelling, TECTONICS 25, TC6002.

9. [9]	Khan, F.H. (2000), Geology of Bangladesh, the University Press Limited Co., Dhaka.

10. [10]	Lo, C.P. and Yeung, A.K.W. (2002), Concepts and Techniques of Graphic Information Systems, Prentiece Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, India.

11. [11]

    Mandal, N., Mitra, A. K. and Bose, S. (2009), Orogenic Processes in Collisional Tectonics with Special Reference to the Himalayan Mountain Chain: A Review of Theoretical and Experimental Models. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth’s Interior Crust, Mantle and Core, Indian National Science Academy A Platinum Jubilee Special Issue, (Ed) Alok K. Gupta and Somnath Dasgupta. Springer. pp. 41-65.

12. [12]	Molnar, P. (1988), A review of Geophysical constraints on the deep structure of the tibetan Plateau, the Himalaya and the Karakoram, and their tectonic implications, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A 326, 33-88.

13. [13]	Nandy, D. R. 2001. “Geodynamics of Northeastern India and the adjoining region”. acb publication, Kolkata, India.

14. [14]	Nath, B., Acharjee, S., and Mitra, A.K. (2012), Lake configuration and change detection studies using remote sensing and GIS techniques: A study on Bogakine Lake, Bandarban, Bangladesh, International Journal of Lakes and Rivers, 5(2): 75-89.

15. [15]	O’Sullivan, D. and Unwin, J.D. (2010), Geographic Information Analysis, 2nd Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New Jersy.

16. [16]	Smith, W.H.F. and Wessel, P. (1990), Gridding with continuous splines in tension, Geophysics 55(3), 293-305.

17. [17]	SRTM DEM Data 90m Resolution, available at http://srtm.csi.cgiar.org.