Journal of Environmental Accounting and Management 12(4) (2024) 369--375 | DOI:10.5890/JEAM.2024.12.003

Mariem Ennouhi, Sanaa El Aggadi, Jamal Mabrouki, Walid Belmaghraoui, Najat Qisse, Amale Boutakiout, Mohammed Alaoui El Belghiti

Abstract

The olive tree is a major fruit crop in the Mediterranean Sea area and is responsible for 95\% of the world's olive oil production. However, the disposal of the waste generated during olive oil production, known as mill effluent (ME), into rivers leads to surface water pollution. To address this issue, coagulation-flocculation with aluminium sulphate and ferric chloride were tested to reduce the organic matter in ME-contaminated water. The study found that for the same dose of 70 mg.L-1, ferric chloride and aluminium sulphate reduced the organic matter expressed in terms of oxidability by 69.85\% and 52.94\%, respectively. Prechloration improved the reduction rate of organic matter expressed in terms of oxidability by 12\% for aluminium sulphate and around 9\% for ferric chloride. Combining coagulants (aluminium sulfate, ferric chloride) with lime further improved the removal rate of organic matter. The organic material removal rate was 50\% for 8 mg.L-1 of chlorine, 70 mg.L-1 of aluminum sulfate, and 23.3 mg.L-1 of lime at pH 7.42, while ferric chloride and lime resulted in a 52.38\% organic matter removal rate for 8 mg.L-1 of chlorine, 50 mg.L-1 of ferric chloride, and 33.5 mg.L-1 of lime at pH 7.02. These results indicate that coagulation-flocculation with aluminium sulphate and ferric chloride could provide a sustainable approach for reducing water pollution and ensuring efficient use of resources.

References

1. [1]	Abdessemed, A., Boudchicha, R.H., and Benbouza, H. (2019), Caract{e}risation et identification de quelques {e}cotypes d'olivier Olea europaea L en Alg{e}rie, Agriculture Journal, 8(2), 26-43.

2. [2]	Achak, M., Ouazzani, N., and Mandi, L. (2009), Traitement des margines d'une huilerie moderne par infiltration-percolation sur un filtre \`{a} sable, Revue des Sciences de l'Eau, 22(3), 421-433.

3. [3]	Sbai, G. and Loukili, M. (2015), Traitement des margines par un proc{e}d{e} couplant la coagulation floculation et la voie {e}lectrochimique. European Scientific Journal, 11(9), 158-169.

4. [4]	Al-Jadabi, N., Laaouan, M., Mabrouki, J., Fattah, G., and El Hajjaji, S. (2021), Comparative study of the coagulation efficacy of Moringa oleifera seeds extracts to alum for domestic wastewater treatment of Ain Aouda City, Morocco. In E3S Web of Conferences (Vol. 314, p. 08003), EDP Sciences.

5. [5]	Al-Malah, K., Azzam, M.O., and Abu-Lail, N.I. (2000), Olive mills effluent (OME) wastewater post-treatment using activated clay, Separation and Purification Technology, 20(2-3), 225-234.

6. [6]	Azoulay, K., Bencheikh, I., Mabrouki, J., Samghouli, N., Moufti, A., Dahchour, A., and El Hajjaji, S. (2023), Adsorption mechanisms of azo dyes binary mixture onto different raw palm wastes, International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 103(7), 1633-1652.

7. [7]	Mabrouki, J., Bencheikh, I., Azoulay, K., Es-Soufy, M., and El Hajjaji, S. (2020), Smart monitoring system for the long-term control of aerobic leachate treatment: dumping case Mohammedia (Morocco), In Big Data and Networks Technologies, 3, 220-230.

8. [8]

   Azoulay, K., Bencheikh, I., Samghouli, N., Mabrouki, J., Moufti, A., and El Hajjaji, S. (2022), Modeling and design of water treatment processes by biosorption method using JMP{\circledR} 11 software. In IoT and Smart Devices for Sustainable Environment (pp. 53-69), Cham: Springer International Publishing.

9. [9]	Beccari, M., Majone, M., and Torrisi, L. (1998), Two-reactor system with partial phase separation for anaerobic treatment of olive oil mill effluents, Water Science and Technology, 38(4-5), 53-60.

10. [10]	De Matteis, V., Rizzello, L., Ingrosso, C., and Rinaldi, R. (2021), Purification of olive mill wastewater through noble metal nanoparticle synthesis: Waste safe disposal and nanomaterial impact on healthy hepatic cell mitochondria, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28, 26154-26171.

11. [11]

    El Alouani, M., Aouan, B., Rachdi, Y., Alehyen, S., El Herradi, E.H., Saufi, H., Mabrouki, J., and Barka, N. (2022), Porous geopolymers as innovative adsorbents for the removal of organic and inorganic hazardous substances: a mini-review, International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 1-13.

12. [12]	El Mouhtadi, I., Agouzzal, M., and Guy, F. (2014), L'olivier au Maroc. OCL, 21(2), D203.

13. [13]	El Yamani, M., Sakar, E.H., Boussakouran, A., Ghabbour, N., and Rharrabti, Y. (2020), Physicochemical and microbiological characterization of olive mill wastewater (OMW) from different regions of northern Morocco, Environmental technology, 41(23), 3081-3093.

14. [14]	Hattab, A., Bagan{e}, M., and Ben Amor, H. (2020), Combined treatment by coagulation-flocculation and oxidation of olive mill wastewater, Journal of Materials and Environmental Science, 11, 522-530.

15. [15]	Hattab, A., Bagan{e}, M., and Ben Amor, H. (2020), Combined treatment by coagulation-flocculation and oxidation of olive mill wastewater, Journal of Materials and Environmental Science, 11, 522-530.

16. [16]	Mabrouki, J., Fattah, G., Kherraf, S., Abrouki, Y., Azrour, M., and El Hajjaji, S. (2022), Artificial intelligence system for intelligent monitoring and management of water treatment plants, Emerging Real-World Applications of Internet of Things, 69-87.

17. [17]	Jaouani, A., Vanthournhout, M., and Penninckx, M.J. (2005), Olive oil mill wastewater purification by combination of coagulation-flocculation and biological treatments, Environmental Technology, 26(6), 633-642.

18. [18]	Loukilia, H., Mabroukic, J., Anouzlab, A., Kouzia, Y., Younssia, S.A., Diguab, K., and Abroukic, Y. (2021), Pre-treated Moroccan natural clays: application to the wastewater treatment of textile industry, Desalination Water Treat, 240, 124-136.

19. [19]

    Mabrouki, J., El Yadini, A., Bencheikh, I., Azoulay, K., Moufti, A., and El Hajjaji, S. (2019), Hydrogeological and hydrochemical study of underground waters of the tablecloth in the vicinity of the controlled city dump mohammedia (Morocco), In Advanced Intelligent Systems for Sustainable Development (AI2SD'2018) Vol 3: (pp. 22-33), Springer International Publishing.

20. [20]

    Mabrouki, J., Moufti, A., Bencheikh, I., Azoulay, K., El Hamdouni, Y., and El Hajjaji, S. (2020), Optimization of the coagulant flocculation process for treatment of leachate of the controlled discharge of the city Mohammedia (Morocco), In Advanced Intelligent Systems for Sustainable Development (AI2SD'2019) Volume 7-Advanced Intelligent Systems for Sustainable Development Applied in Energy and Electrical Engineering, 200-212.

21. [21]

    Rahmani, M., Mabrouki, J., Regraguy, B., Moufti, A., El'Mrabet, M., Dahchour, A., and El Hajjaji, S. (2023), Adsorption of (methylene blue) onto natural oil shale: kinetics of adsorption, isotherm and thermodynamic studies. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 103(18), 6495-6509.

22. [22]	Scholarship, W., Zhao, Z., Madhumita Ray, S.B. (2020), Effects of Drinking Water Treatment Processes on Removal of Effects of Drinking Water Treatment Processes on Removal of Algal Matter and Subsequent Water Quality, Algal Matter and Subsequent Water Quality.

23. [23]	Souilem, S., El-Abbassi, A., Kiai, H., Hafidi, A., Sayadi, S., and Galanakis, C.M. (2017), Olive oil production sector: Environmental effects and sustainability challenges, In Olive Mill Waste, 1-28.

24. [24]	Zouari, N. and Ellouz, R. (1996), Microbial consortia for the aerobic degradation of aromatic compounds in olive oil mill effluent, Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, 16(3), 155-162.