[ Log In | Register]
! Skip Navigation Links
Skip Navigation Links
Image of Journal of Applied Nonlinear Dynamics
ISSN:2325-6192 (print)
ISSN:2325-6206 (online)
Journal of Environmental Accounting and Management
António Mendes Lopes (editor), Jiazhong Zhang(editor)
António Mendes Lopes (editor)

University of Porto, Portugal

Email: aml@fe.up.pt

Jiazhong Zhang (editor)

School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710049, China

Fax: +86 29 82668723 Email: jzzhang@mail.xjtu.edu.cn

Recent trends in the Studies of Environmental Speciation and Ecological Consequence Regarding Analysis in Soil, and Sediment Samples: A Review

Journal of Environmental Accounting and Management 12(1) (2024) 47--86 | DOI:10.5890/JEAM.2024.03.004

A. Melegy$^{1}$, A. M. El-Shamy$^{2}$

Download Full Text PDF

 

Abstract

Because an element's chemical species affects toxicity, environmental mobility, and bioavailability, speciation analysis is vital in contemporary analytical chemistry. In recent years, attempts have been undertaken to identify not just components but also their species. This review highlights the latest methodologies and techniques in environmental analytical chemistry to address this tendency. Different sample treatment processes are introduced and explained, with an emphasis on employing modern nanomaterials and novel solvents in the solid phase and liquid-liquid microextraction, and on speciation analysis. An in-depth examination of experimental methods for separating and quantifying metal and metalloid species, from chromatography to electrochemistry, is also offered. This research emphasizes the greenness of these achievements, analyzing their green chemistry and environmental effects. Identifying and quantifying an element's chemistry is called "element speciation". Because an element's toxicity depends on its chemical form, specification analysis is a popular issue in environmental research. Trace element levels in environmental samples have been heavily studied. Total elemental composition no longer indicates toxicity in risk assessment. Speciation analysis measures the relative concentrations of an element's physicochemical forms in a sample. Physicochemical forms include gaseous, solid, and liquid substances. It's frequently required to specialize when studying the damaging and life-saving effects of trace elements.

References

  1. [1]  Florence, T.M. (1982), The speciation of trace elements in waters, Talanta, 29, 345-364.
  2. [2]  Elliott, J.L. and Tesar, D. (1982), A general mass balancing method for complex planar mechanisms, Mechanism and Machine Theory, 17(2), 153.
  3. [3]  Pickering, W.F. (1995), General strategies for speciation. In: Ure, A.M. and Davidson, C.M. (eds.), Chemical Speciation in the Environment, Blackie Academic and Professional Press, London, 9-31.
  4. [4]  L{o}pez-S{a}nchez, J.F., Rubio, R., and Rauret, G. (1993), Comparison of two sequential extraction procedures for trace metal partitioning in sediments, International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 51, 113-121.
  5. [5]  Goldschmidt, V.M. (1954), Geochemistry, Oxford University Press. Fair Lawn, N.J.
  6. [6]  Duffus, J.H. (2002), Heavy metals -- A meaningless term? (IUPAC Technical Report), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 74(5), 793-807.
  7. [7]  Williams, A.M. (1930), The English Encyclopaedic Dictionary, Collins, London.
  8. [8]  Bjerrum, N. (1936), Bjerrum's Inorganic Chemistry, 3${}^{rd}$ Danish, ed., Heinemann, London.
  9. [9]  Nostrand, V. (1964), International Encyclopaedia of Chemical Science, Van Nostrand, New Jersey.
  10. [10]  Grant, R. Grant, C. (1987), Grant and Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, McGraw-Hill, New York.
  11. [11]  Streit, B. (1994), Lexikon der Okotoxikologie, VCH, Weinheim.
  12. [12]  Thornton, I. (1995), Metals in the global environment facts and misconceptions, ICME, Ottawa.
  13. [13]  Morris, C. (1992), Academic Press Dictionary of Science and Technology, Academic Press, San Diego.
  14. [14]  Bennet, H. (1986), Concise Chemical and Technical Dictionary, 4${}^{th}$ enlarged (ed.), Edward Arnold, London.
  15. [15]  Lyman, W.J. (1995), Transport and Transformation Processes, in Fundamentals of Aquatic Toxicology, Rand, G.M. (ed.), Taylor \& Francis, Washington, DC.
  16. [16]  Salomons, W. and F\"{o}rstner U. (1984), Metals in the Hydrocycle, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 349.
  17. [17]  Navas, A. and Lindhorfer, H. (2003), Geochemical speciation of heavy metals in semiarid soils of the central Ebro Valley (Spain), Environmental International, 29, 61-68.
  18. [18]  Fytianos, K. and Lourantou, A. (2004), Speciation of elements in sediment samples collected at lakes Volvi and Koronia, N. Greece, Environment International, 30, 11-17.
  19. [19]  Kot, A. and Namiesnik, J. (2000), The role of speciation in analytical chemistry, Trends In Analytical Chemistry, 19, Nos. 2+3.
  20. [20]  Megahed, M.M., Youssef, M., and El-Shamy, A.M. (2020), Selective formula as a corrosion inhibitor to protect the surfaces of antiquities made of leather-composite brass alloy, Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, 63(12), 5269-5287. DOI: 10.21608/ejchem.2020.41575.2841
  21. [21]  Megahed, M.M., Abdel Bar, M.M., and El-Shamy, A.M. (2021), Polyamide Coating as a Potential Protective Layer Against Corrosion of Iron Artifacts, Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, 64(10), 5693-5702. DOI:10.21608/ ejchem.2021.70550.3555.
  22. [22]  Noha, H.E., Megahed, M.M., El-Shamy, A.M., and Saleh, M.S. (2023), Archaeometric characterization and conservation of bronze patina on archaeological axe head in military museum, Cairo, Journal of Archaeology $\&$ Tourism, Must, 2(1), 23-33.
  23. [23]  Neelam, G. and Abhinav, A. (2014), Microbes in Process. NOVA Science Publishers, Chapter 14, Control of Corrosion Caused by Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria, 337-362.
  24. [24]  Abbas, M.A., Zakaria, K., El-Shamy, A.M., and El Abedin, S.Z. (2019), Utilization of 1-butylpyrrolidinium chloride ionic liquid as an eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor and biocide for oilfield equipment: combined weight loss, electrochemical and SEM studies, Zeitschrift f\"{ur Physikalische Chemie}, 235(4), 377-406. https://doi.org/10.1515/zpch-2019-1517.
  25. [25]  Abbas, M.A., Amr, S.I., Zakaria, K., El-Shamy, A.M., El Abedin, S.Z., (2022), Adsorption, thermodynamic, and quantum chemical investigations of an ionic liquid that inhibits corrosion of carbon steel in chloride solutions, Scientific Reports, 12, 12536. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-16755-6,
  26. [26]  Alkharafi, F.M., El-Shamy, A.M., and Ateya, B.G. (2009), Effect of 3-aminotriazole on the corrosion of copper in polluted and unpolluted media, Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 3(10), 42-50+56.
  27. [27]  Alkharafi, F.M., El-Shamy, A.M., and Ateya, B.G. (2009), Comparative effect of toly triazole and Benzotriazole against sulfide attack on copper, International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 4, 1351- 1364.
  28. [28]  Abd El-Naby, M.S., Ikhlas, M.A., Badr El-Din, S.M., Fatma, H.M., and El-Shamy, A.M. (1997), Use of fungal biomass in batch and continuous flow systems for chromium (VI) recovery, The African Journal of Mycology and Biotechnology, 5(1), 37-47.
  29. [29]  Dissanayake, C.B. and Chandrajith, R. (1999), Medical geochemistry of tropical environments, Earth-Science Reviews, 47, 219-258.
  30. [30]  Reda, Y., El-Shamy, A.M., and Eessaa, A.K. (2018), Effect of hydrogen embrittlement on the microstructures of electroplated steel alloy 4130, Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 9(4), 2973-2982. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.asej.2018.08.004.
  31. [31]  Rahma, A.A., Megahed, M.M., Elamary, R.B., El-Shamy, A.M., and Ali, Y.S. (2023), Remediation Mechanism of microbial corrosion for iron artifacts buried in soil by using allium sativum (garlic extract) as a natural biocide, Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, 66(6), 291-308. DOI: 10.21608/ejchem.2022.158454.6850.
  32. [32]  Meyer, J.S. (2002), The utility of the terms ``bioavailability" and ``bioavailability fraction" for metals, Marine Environmental Research, 53(4), 417-423.
  33. [33]  Reda, Y., Zohdy, K.M., Eessaa, A.K., and El-Shamy, A.M. (2020), Effect of plating materials on the corrosion properties of steel alloy 4130, Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, 63(2), 579-597. DOI: 10.21608/ejchem.2019.11023.1706.
  34. [34]  Reda, Y., El-Shamy, A.M., Zohdy, K.M., and Eessaa, A.K. (2020), Instrument of chloride ions on the pitting corrosion of electroplated steel alloy 4130, Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 11, 191-199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej. 2019.09.002.
  35. [35]  F\"{o}rstner, U. and Wittman, G.T.W. (1981), Metal Pollution in the Aquatic Environment, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 486.
  36. [36]  Baccini, V.P. (1976), Untersuchungen uber den Schwermetallhaushalt in Seen. Schweiz, Z. Hydrologie, 38, 121-158.
  37. [37]  Reda, Y., Abdelbar, M., and El-Shamy, A.M. (2021), Fortification performance of polyurethane coating in outdoor historical ironworks, Bull Natl Res Cent, 45, 69. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-021-00532-y.
  38. [38]  Reda, Y., Yehia, H.M., and El-Shamy, A.M. (2022), Microstructural and mechanical properties of Al-Zn alloy 7075 during RRA and triple aging, Egyptian Journal of Petroleum, 31, 9-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpe.2021.12.001.
  39. [39]  Ghazy, E.A., Abdel Ghany, N. A., and El-Shamy, A.M. (2023), Comparative study of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, formaldehyde, and isobutanol against corrosion and microbial corrosion of mild steel in chloride media, Journal of Bio- and Tribo-Corrosion, 9, 64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40735-023-00782-5.
  40. [40]  Mouneir, S.M., El-Hagrassi, A.M., El-Shamy, A.M. (2022), A review on the chemical compositions of natural products and their role in setting current trends and future goals, Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, 65(5), 491-506. DOI: 10.21608/ejchem.2021.95577.4486.
  41. [41]  Gad, E.A. and El-Shamy, A.M. (2022), Mechanism of corrosion and microbial corrosion of 1,3-Dibutyl Thiourea using the quantum chemical calculations, Journal of Bio- and Tribo-Corrosion, 8, 71. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40735-022-00669-x.
  42. [42]  F\"{o}rstner, U. and Wittmann, G. (1979), Metal pollution in the aquatic environment, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 486.
  43. [43]  Singh, B.R. (1997), Soil Pollution and Contamination, In: Lal, R. (ed.), Methods for Assessment of Soil Degradation. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 279-299.
  44. [44]  Karczewska, A. (1996), Metal species distribution in top- and sub-soil in an area affected by copper smelter emissions, Applied Geochemistry , 11, 35-42.
  45. [45]  Ma, Y.B. and Uren, N.C. (1998), Transformations of heavy metals added to soils-application of a new sequential extraction procedure. Geoderma, 84, 157-168.
  46. [46]  Griffin, S. (1991), Proceedings of the hazardous materials control conference, Hazardous Materials Control Institute, Greenbelt, MD, 495-497.
  47. [47]  Taylor, R.W., Hassan, K., Mahadi, A.A., Shuford, J.W. (1995), Zinc sorption by some Alabama soils, Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 26, 993-1008.
  48. [48]  Fuller, C.C., Davis, J.A., Coston, J.A., and Dixon, E. (1996), Characterization of metal adsorption variability in a sand and gravel aquifer, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 22, 165-187.
  49. [49]  Plummer, L., Jones, B.F., and Truesdell, A.H. (1984), Wateqf-A Fortran IV version of WATEQ. a computer program for calculating the chemical equilibrium of natural waters. Rev. U.S. Geol. Survey, Water Resources lnv. Rept., 76-13. Reston, VA: U.S. Geol. Survey.
  50. [50]  Plummer, L., Parkurst, D.L., Fleming, G.W., and Dunkle, S.A. (1988), A computer program (PHRQPITZ) incorporating Pitzer's equations for calculation of geochemical reactions in brines. U.S. Geol. Survey Water Resources lnv. Rept. 88-4153. Reston, VA: U.S. Geol. Survey.
  51. [51]  Kharaka, Y.K., Gunter, W.D., Aggarwal, P.K., Perkins, E.H., and DeBraal, J.D. (1988), Solmineq.88: A computer program for geochemical modeling of water-rock interactions. U.S. Geol. Survey Water Resources Inv. 88-4227. Menlo Park, CA: U.S. Geol. Survey.
  52. [52]  Parkhurst, D.L., Throstenson, D.C., Plummer, L.N. (1990), Phreeqe- A Computer Program for Geochemical Calculations, US Geological Survey, Water Resources Division, 80-96.
  53. [53]  Bethke, C.M. (1996), Geochemical Reaction Modeling, New York: Oxford University Press.
  54. [54]  Barkman, A. (1997), Applying the Critical Loads Concept: constraints induced by data uncertainty, Report 1 in ecology and environmental engineering, Sweden, 64.
  55. [55]  Paces, T. (1999), Budgets of Pb and Cd in soils and critical time to reach a harmful level, in H. Armannsson, ed., Geochemistry of Earth's Surface. Balkema, Rotterdam, 143-174.
  56. [56]  Shehata, M.F., El-Shafey, S., Ammar, N.A., and El-Shamy, A.M. (2019), Reduction of Cu+2 and Ni+2 ions from wastewater using mesoporous adsorbent: effect of treated wastewater on corrosion behavior of steel pipelines, Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, 62(9), 1587-1602. DOI: 10.21608/ejchem.2019.7967.1627.
  57. [57]  Shehata, M.F., El-Shamy, A.M., Zohdy, K.M., Sherif, S.M., and El Abedin, S.Z. (2020), Studies on the antibacterial influence of two ionic liquids and their corrosion inhibition performance, Applied Science, 10(4), 1444. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10041444.
  58. [58]  Shehata, M.F. and El-Shamy, A.M. (2023), Hydrogen-based failure in oil and gas pipelines a review, Gas Science and Engineering, 115, 204994. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgsce.2023.204994.
  59. [59]  El-Shamy, A.M. and Mouneir, S.M. (2023), Medicinal materials as eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors for industrial applications: a review, Journal of Bio- and Tribo-Corrosion, 9(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40735-022-00714-9.
  60. [60]  Abdelshafeek, K.A., Osman, A.F., Mouneir, S.M., Elhenawy, A.A., and Abdallah, W.E. (2023), Phytochemical profile, comparative evaluation of Satureja montana alcoholic extract for antioxidants, anti-inflammatory and molecular docking studies, BMC Complementary Medicine, and Therapies, 23, 108. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-023-03913-0.
  61. [61]  Abdel Hamid, A.M., Amer, A.H., Assy, M.G., Zordok, W.A., Mouneir, S.M., Kalyoubi, S.E., and Shehab, W.S. (2023), Synthesis, pharmacological evaluation, DFT calculation, and theoretical investigation of spirocyclohexane derivatives, Bioorganic Chemistry, 131, 106280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106280.
  62. [62]  Abd Elkarim, A.M., El-Shamy, A.M., Megahed, M.M., and Kalmouch, A. (2018), Evaluation the Inhibition Efficiency of a New Inhibitor on Leaded Bronze Statues from Yemen, ARCTIC Journal, 71(1), 2-33.
  63. [63]  Abdel-Karim, A.M. and El-Shamy, A.M. (2022), A review on green corrosion inhibitors for protection of archeological metal artifacts, Journal of Bio- and Tribo-Corrosion, 8, 35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40735-022-00636-6.
  64. [64]  Abdel-Karim, A.M., El-Shamy, A.M., and Reda, Y. (2022), Corrosion and stress corrosion resistance of Al Zn Alloy 7075 by nano-polymeric coatings, Journal of Bio- and Tribo-Corrosion, 8, 57. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40735-022-00656-2.
  65. [65]  Atta, A.H., Atta, S.A., Khattab, M.S., El-Aziz, T.H.A., Mouneir, S.M., Ibrahim, M.A., Nasr, S.M., and Emam, S.R. (2023), Ceratonia siliqua pods (Carob) methanol extract alleviates doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic pathways in rats, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30, 83421-83438. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-28146-z.
  66. [66]  Atta, A.H., Atta, S.A., Nasr, S.M., and Mouneir, S.M. (2022), Current perspective on veterinary drug and chemical residues in food of animal origin, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(11), 15282-15302. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-18239-y.
  67. [67]  Atta, A.H., Saad, S.A., Atta, S.A., Desouky, H.M., and Shaker, H.M. (2020), Cucumis sativus and Cucurbita maxima extract attenuate diabetes-induced hepatic and pancreatic injury in a rat model, Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 71(4), 1-12. DOI: 10.26402/jpp.2020.4.06 .
  68. [68]  Atta, A.H., Nasr, S.M., Mouneir, S.M., Al-Wabel, N.A., and Essawy, S.S. (2010), Evaluation of the diuretic effect of Conyza dioscorides and alhagi maurorum, International, Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2(3), 162-165.
  69. [69]  Atta, A.H., Mohamed, N.H., Nasr, S.M., and Mouneir, S.M. (2007), Phytochemical and pharmacological studies on Convolvulus fatmensis Ktze, Journal of Natural Remedies, 7(1), 109-119.
  70. [70]  Nebel, J.B. and Wright, T.R. (1998), Environmental Sciences, Chapter 14 in pollution from hazardous chemicals. Prentic-Hall, Inc., New Jersy.
  71. [71]  Zohdy, K. M., El-Shamy, A. M., Gad, E. A. M., Kalmouch A. (2019), The corrosion inhibition of (2Z,2$\mathrm{\prime}$Z)-4,4$\mathrm{\prime}$-(1,2-phenylene bis (azanediyl)) bis (4-oxobut-2-enoic acid) for carbon steel in acidic media using DFT, Egyptian journal of petroleum, 28(4), 355-359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpe.2019.07.001
  72. [72]  Zohdy, K.M., El-Sherif, R.M., Ramkumar, S., El-Shamy, A.M. (2021), Quantum and electrochemical studies of the hydrogen evolution findings in corrosion reactions of mild steel in acidic medium, Upstream Oil and Gas Technology, 6, 100025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.upstre.2020.100025.
  73. [73]  Zohdy, K.M., El-Sherif, R.M., and El-Shamy, A.M. (2021), Corrosion and Passivation Behaviors of Tin in Aqueous Solutions of Different pH, Journal of Bio- and Tribo-Corrosion, 7(2), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40735-021-00515-6
  74. [74]  Zohdy, K.M., El-Sherif, R.M., and El-Shamy, A.M. (2023), Effect of pH fluctuations on the biodegradability of nanocomposite Mg-Alloy in simulated bodily fluids, Chemical Paper, 77(3), 1317-1337. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-022-02544-y.
  75. [75]  Vig, K., Megharaj, M., Sethunathan, N., and Naidu, R. (2003), Bioavailability and toxicity of cadmium to microorganisms and their activities in soil: a review. Advances in Environmental Research, 8, 121-135.
  76. [76]  Johansson, K. and Iverfeldt, {\AA}. (1994), The relationship between mercury content in soil and the transport of mercury from small catchments in Sweden. In Mercury pollution: integration and synthesis. Edited by C.J. Watras and J.W. Huckabee. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL., 323-328.
  77. [77]  Johnson, N.M., Driscoll, C.T., Eaton, J.S., Likens, G.E., and McDowell, W.H. (1981), Acid rain, dissolved aluminum and chemical weathering at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 45, 1421-1437.
  78. [78]  Baxter, D.C. and Frech, W. (1995), Speciation of lead in environmental and biological samples, Pure and Applied Chemistry, 67, 615-648.
  79. [79]  Day, M. (1998), Lead in the womb, New Scientist, 7.
  80. [80]  Gil, F., Facio, A., Villanueva, E., Perez, M.L., Tojo, R., and Gil, A. (1996), The Association of tooth lead content with dental health factors, The Science of the Total Environment, 192(2), 183.
  81. [81]  Goudah, A. Mouneir, S. M. (2008), Comparative pharmacokinetics of difloxacin in goat kids and lambs, Small Ruminant Research, 78(1-3), 186-192.
  82. [82]  Goudah, A., Mouneir, S.M., Shim, J.H., El-Aty, A.M.A. (2006), Influence of endotoxin-induced fever on the pharmacokinetics of intramuscularly administered cefepime in rabbits, Journal of Veterinary Science, 7(2), 151-155.
  83. [83]  Nriagu, J.O. (1979), The biogeochemistry of mercury in the environment, Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press, New York, N.Y.
  84. [84]  Fitzgerald, W.F., Engstrom, D.R., Mason, R.P., and Nater, E.A. (1998), The case for atmospheric mercury contamination in remote areas, Environmental science $\&$ technology, 32(1), 1-7.
  85. [85]  Baldi, F. (1997), Microbial transformation of mercury species and their importance in the biogeochemical cycle of mercury. In Metal ions in biological systems. Vol. 34. Mercury and its effects on environment and biology. Edited by Sigel, A. and Sigel, H. Marcel Dekker. New York, N.Y., 213-257.
  86. [86]  Jackson, T. A. (1997), Long-range atmospheric transport of mercury to ecosystems, and the importance of anthropogenic emissions-a critical review and evaluation of published evidence. Environ. Rev., 5, 99-120.
  87. [87]  Gesamp (1987), IMO/FAO/UNESCO/WMO/WHO/IAEA/UN/UNEP Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Pollution: Report of the seventeenth session, Rome, Geneva, World Health Organization (Reports and Studies No. 31).
  88. [88]  Driscoll, C.T., Otton, J.K., and Iverfeldt, {\AA}. (1994), Trace Metal Speciation and Cycling, In Biogeochemistry of small catchments, SCOPE 51. Edited by Molden, B. and Cern{y}, J. John Wiley and Sons, New York, N.Y., 299-322.
  89. [89]  Zhang, H. and Lindberg, S.E. (1999), Processes influencing the emission of mercury from soils: A conceptual model, Journal of Geophysical Research , 104(D17), 21889-21896.
  90. [90]  Dickman, M.D, Leung, C.K.M., and Leong, N.K.H. (1998), Hong Kong male subfertility links to mercury in human hair and fish. The Science of the Total Environment, 214(1-3), 165-174.
  91. [91]  Shehab, W.S., Saad, H.A., and Mouneir, S.M. (2017), Synthesis and antitumor/antiviral evaluation of 6-thienyl-5-cyano-2-thiouracil derivatives and their thiogalactosides analogs, Current Organic Synthesis, 14(2), 291-298. DOI:10.2174/1570179413666161008200012.
  92. [92]  Abo-EL-Sooud, K., Mouneir, S.M., and Fahmy, M.A.F. (2017), Curcumin ameliorates the absolute and relative bioavailabilities of marbofloxacin after oral administrations in broiler chickens, Wulfenia, 24(3), 284-297.
  93. [93]  Schl\"{u}ter, K. (2000), Review: evaporation of mercury from soils. An integration and synthesis of current knowledge, Environmental Geology, 39, 249-271.
  94. [94]  National Academy of Sciences (NAS). (1977), Medical and biological effects of environmental pollutants: arsenic. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. Nature (Lond.), 333, 134-139.
  95. [95]  Taylor, S.R. and McLenan, S.M. (1985), The continental crust: Its composition and evaluation. Blackwell Scientific, London, U.K. 365.
  96. [96]  Kabata-Pendais, A. and Pendais, H. (1992), Trace elements in soils and plants, 2${^{nd}$ ed. CRC Press}, Boca Raton, Fla. 203.
  97. [97]  Robertson, F.N. (1989), Arsenic in groundwater under oxidizing condition, south-west United States, Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 11(3-4), 171-186.
  98. [98]  Korte, N.E. and Fernando, Q. (1991), A review of arsenic (III) in groundwater, Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 21(1), 1-39.
  99. [99]  Thornton, I. (1999), Arsenic in the Global Environment: Looking towards the Millennium, In Arsenic Exposure and Health Effects. Edited by Chappell, W.R. Abemathy, C.O. and Calderon, R.L., Elsevier Science B.V., 1-8.
  100. [100]  WHO, (1986)m Health impact of acidic depositionm Science of the Total Environment.
  101. [101]  Sandell, E.B. and Goldich, S.S. (1943), The rarer metallic constituents in some American igneous rocks, Journal of Geology, 51, 167-189.
  102. [102]  Wilson, D.N. (1988), Cadmium-market trends and influences. In: Cadmium 87. Proceedings of the 6${^{th}$ International Cadmium Conference}, London, Cadmium Association, 9-16.
  103. [103]  El-Shamy, A.M., Soror, T.Y., El-Dahan, H.A., Ghazy, E.A., and Eweas, A.F. (2009), Microbial corrosion inhibition of mild steel in salty water environment, Materials chemistry $\&$ physics, 114(1), 156-159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2008.09.003.
  104. [104]  El-Shamy, A.M., Alkharafi, F.M., Abdallah, R.M., and Ghayad, I.M. (2010), Electrochemical oxidation of hydrogen sulfide in polluted brines using porous graphite electrodes under geothermal conditions, Chemical Science Journal, 2010, 10. http://astonjournals.com/csj.html.
  105. [105]  El-Shamy, A.M., Gaballah, S.T., and El Melegy, A.E. (2013), Inhibition of Copper Corrosion in The Presence of Synthesized (E)-2-(4-Bromophenoxy)-N'-(2,4-Dihydroxybenzylidene) Acetohydrazide in Polluted and Unpolluted Salt Water, International Journal of Recent Development in Engineering and Technology, 1(2), 11-18.
  106. [106]  El-Shamy, A.M., Shehata, M.F., Gaballah, S.T., and Elhefny, E.A. (2014), Synthesis and evaluation of Ethyl (4-(N-(thiazol-2-yl) Sulfamoyl) Phenyl) carbamate as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 0.1M HCl, Journal of Advances in Chemistry, 11(2), 3441-3451.
  107. [107]  El-Shamy, A.M. and Zohdy, K.M. (2015), Corrosion resistance of copper in unpolluted and sulfide polluted media by Metronidazole, Journal of Applied Chemical Science International, 2(2), 56-64.
  108. [108]  Nriagu, J.O., Pacyna, J.M., Milford, J.B., and Davidson, C.L. (1988), In Nriagu, J.O., Nieboer, E. (eds.), Distribution and Characteristic Features of Chromium in the Atmosphere, Wiley Inter science Press, New York, 125-173.
  109. [109]  Sprague, E.J. (1985), Factors that modify toxicity. In: Rand, G.M. and Petrocelli, S.R., ed. Fundamentals of aquatic toxicology, New York, Hemisphere Publishing Corporation, 124-163.
  110. [110]  Zirino, A. and Yamamoto, S. (1972), A pH-dependent model for the chemical speciation of copper, zinc, cadmium, and lead in seawater. Limnol. Oceanogr., 17(5), 661-671.
  111. [111]  Coombs, T. L. (1979), Cadmium in Aquatic Organisms, In: Webb M., (ed.). The chemistry, biochemistry, and biology of cadmium, Amsterdam, Elsevier/North Holland, 93-139.
  112. [112]  El-Shamy, A.M., Shehata, M.F., and Ismail, A.I.M. (2015), Effect of moisture contents of bentonitic clay on the corrosion behavior of steel pipelines, Journal of Applied Clay Science, 114, 461-466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2015.06.041.
  113. [113]  El-Shamy, A.M., Zakaria, K., Abbas, M.A., and El Abedin, S.Z. (2015), Anti-bacterial and anti-corrosion effects of the ionic liquid 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium trifluoromethyl sulfonate, Journal of Molecular Liquids, 211, 363-369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2015.07.028.
  114. [114]  El-Shamy, A.M., Megahed, M.M., and Zohdy, K.M. (2015), Mitigation of Brass Corrosion by Methyl $\alpha$ -Cyanoacrylate (MACA) Coating: Applied On a Cup from Dhamar Museum, Yemen, 4${^{th}$ International Conference (32${}^{nd}$ Annual) On Corrosion Mitigation and Surface Protection Technologies 14-17 December 2015 }Sea Gull Hotel - Hurghada, Egypt
  115. [115]  El-Shamy, A.M., Zohdy, K.M., and El-Dahan, H.A. (2016), Control of corrosion and microbial corrosion of steel pipelines in salty environment by Polyacrylamide, Industrial Chemistry, 2(120), 1-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2469-9764.1000120.
  116. [116]  El-Shamy, A.M., Shehata, M.F., Metwally, H.I.M., and Melegy, A. (2016), Chloride ions penetration and their role in sediments corrosion of buried steel structures in closed basin, Journal of Chemical Sciences, 7, 84-92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2150-3494.1000115.
  117. [117]  El-Shamy, A.M., Elkarim A.M.A., and Kalmouch, A. (2016), Mitigation of sulfide attach on $\alpha$-brass surface by using Sodium (Z)-4-Oxo-4-p-Tolyl-2-Butenoate, Journal of Chemical Engineering \& Process Technology, 7, 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7048.1000273.
  118. [118]  Ateya, B.G., Alkharafi, F.M., El-Shamy, A.M., Saad, A.Y., and Abdalla, R.M. (2009), Electrochemical desulphurization of geothermal fluids under high temperature and pressure, Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, 39, 383-389. https://DOI.org/10.1007/s10800-008-9683-3.
  119. [119]  El-Bindary, R., El-Shamy, A.M., Elhadek, M.A., and Nassef, A. (2021), Statistical analysis of the inhibition of carbon steel corrosion in 3.5 wt.\% NaCl solution using Lawsonia extract, Port-Said Engineering Research Journal, 25(1), 101-113. DOI: 10.21608/pserj.2020.35020.1050.
  120. [120]  Fairbridge, R.W. (1972), The Encyclopedia of Geochemistry and Environmental Sciences, Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, V.IVA. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company (VNR), New York, London.
  121. [121]  Eessaa, A.K., El-Shamy, A.M., and Reda, Y. (2018), Fabrication of commercial nanoporous alumina by low voltage anodizing, Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, 61(1), 175-185. DOI: 10.21608/ejchem.2017.2189.1175.
  122. [122]  Eessaa, A.K. and El-Shamy, A.M. (2023), Review on fabrication, characterization, and applications of porous anodic aluminum oxide films with tunable pore sizes for emerging technologies, Microelectronic Engineering, 279, 112061. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mee.2023.112061.
  123. [123]  Eessaa, A.K., Elkady, O.A., and El-Shamy, A.M. (2023), Powder metallurgy as a perfect technique for preparation of Cu-TiO2 composite by identifying their microstructure and optical properties, Scientific Reports, 13(1), 7034. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-33999-y.
  124. [124]  El-Melegy, A.E., Youssef, G.I., El-Shayeb, H.A., and El-Shamy, A.M. (2014), Corrosion and corrosion protection of aluminum in hydrochloric acid by using piperidine, Ochrona Prazed Korozia, 57(3), 66-71.
  125. [125]  Sherif, E.M., El-Shamy, A.M., Ramla, M.M., and El Nazhawy, A.O.H. (2007), Inhibition of copper corrosion in 3.5\% NaCl Solutions by 5-(Phenyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol, Materials Chemistry and Physics, 102(2-3), 231-239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2006.12.009.
  126. [126]  Sherif, E.M., Abbas, A.T., Gopi, D., and El-Shamy, A.M. (2014), Corrosion and corrosion inhibition of high strength low alloy steel in 2.0 M sulfuric acid solutions by 3-amino-1,2,3-triazole as a corrosion inhibitor, Journal of Chemistry, 2014, Article ID 538794, 8 pages. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/538794.
  127. [127]  Sherif, E.M., Abbas, A.T., Halfa, H., and El-Shamy, A.M. (2015), Corrosion of High Strength Steel in concentrated sulfuric acid pickling solutions and its inhibition by 3-Amino-5-mercapto-1, 2, 3-triazole, International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 10, 1777-1791.
  128. [128]  Elsayed, E.M., Eessaa, A.K., Rashad, M.M., and El-Shamy A.M. (2022), Preparation and characterization of ZnO thin film on anodic Al${}_{2}$O${}_{3}$ as a substrate for several applications, Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, DOI: 10.21608/ejchem.2022.110382.5021.
  129. [129]  Elsayed, E.M., Eessaa, A.K., Abdelbasir, S.M., Rashad, M.M., and El-Shamy, A.M. (2022), Fabrication, characterization, and monitoring the propagation of nanocrystalline ZnO thin film on ITO substrate using electrodeposition technique, Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, DOI: 10.21608/ejchem.2022.126134.5595.
  130. [130]  Elsayed, D.A., Assy, M.G., Mousa, S.M., Mouneir, S.M., and Shehab, W.S. (2022), TiO2 nanoparticle as a catalyst for an efficient green one-pot synthesis of 1H-3-Indolyl Derivatives as significant antiviral activity, Bioorganic Chemistry, 124, 105805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105805.
  131. [131]  Amer, M.M.K., Abdellattif, M.H., Mouneir, S.M., Zordok, W.A., and Shehab, W.S. (2021), Synthesis, DFT calculation, pharmacological evaluation, and catalytic application in the synthesis of diverse pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives, Bioorganic Chemistry, 114, 105136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105136.
  132. [132]  Abdel Latif, N.A., Awad, H.M., Mouneir, S.M., and Elnashar, M.M. (2015), Chitosan-benzofuran adduct for potential biomedical applications: Improved antibacterial and antifungal properties, Der Pharmacia Lettre, 7(10), 107-117.
  133. [133]  Abdellattif, M.H., Abdel-Rahman, A.A.H., Arief, M.M.H., Afifi, T.H., and Hagar, M. (2021), Novel 2-Hydroselenonicotinonitriles and selenopheno[2, 3-b] pyridines: efficient synthesis, molecular docking-DFT modeling, and antimicrobial assessment, Frontiers in Chemistry, 9, 672503. doi:~10.3389/fchem.2021.672503
  134. [134]  El-Aty, A.M.A., Goudah, A., Mouneir, S.M., Shim, J.H., and Shimoda, M. (2007), Acute-phase response alters the disposition kinetics of cefepime following intravenous administration to rabbits, Veterinary Research Communications, 31(1), 67-75.
  135. [135]  Breault, R.F., Colman, J.A., Aiken, G.R., and McKnight, D. (1996), Copper speciation and binding by organic matter in copper-contaminated stream water, Environmental Science and Technology, 30, 3477-3486.
  136. [136]  Andrew, R.W., Biesinger, K.E., and Glass, G.E. (1977), Effects of inorganic complexing on the toxicity of copper to daphnia magna, Water Research, 11, 309-315.
  137. [137]  Dirilgen, N. and Do\u{g}an, F. (2000), Speciation of chromium in the presence of copper and zinc and their combined toxicity, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 53, 397-403.
  138. [138]  Whalley, C., Hursthouse, A., Rowlatt, S., Iqbal-Zahid, P., Vaughan, H., and Durant, R.D. (1999), Chromium speciation in natural waters draining contaminated land, Glasgow, UK. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 112, 389-405.
  139. [139]  Rose, A.W., Hawkes, H.E., and Webb, J.S. (1979), Geochemistry in Mineral Exploration, Academic Press, 657.
  140. [140]  Hem, J.D. (1972), Chemistry and occurrence of cadmium and zinc in surface water and groundwater, Water Resources Research, 8, 661-679.
  141. [141]  Nordstrom, D.K., eighteen co-authors (1979), A comparison of computerized chemical models for equilibrium calculation in aqueous systems. In: Jenne, E.A. (ed.) Chemical modeling in aqueous systems, American Chemical Society Symposium Series, 93, 857-892.
  142. [142]  Turner, D.R., Whitfield, M., Diekson, A.G. (1981), The equilibrium speciation of dissolved components in freshwater and seawater at 25 $^\circ$C and 1 atm. Pressure. Geochim Cosmochim Acta, 45, 855-881.
  143. [143]  Benjamin, M.M., Hayes, M.M., and Leckie, J.O. (1982), Removal of toxic metals from power-generation waste streams by adsorption and co-precipitation, Journal (Water Pollution Control Federation), 54, 1472-1481.
  144. [144]  Leckie, J.O., Benjamin, M., Hayes, K., Kaufman, G., and Altmann, S. (1980), Adsorption/co-precipitation of trace elements from water with iron oxyhydroxide, Final Report, EPRI. RP-910, Electric Power Research institute Palo. Alto, Calif., 94303.
  145. [145]  El-Shamy, A.M., Shehata, M.F., Metwally, H.I M., and Melegy, A. (2017), Corrosion and corrosion inhibition of steel pipelines in montmorilonitic soil filling material, Silicon, 10(6), 2809-2815. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-018-9821-4
  146. [146]  El-Shamy, A.M., El-Boraey, H.A., and El-Awdan, H.F. (2017), Chemical Treatment of Petroleum Wastewater and its Effect on the Corrosion Behavior of Steel Pipelines in Sewage Networks, Journal of Chemical Engineering $\&$ Process Technology, 8(324), 1-9. DOI:10.4172/2157-7048.1000324.
  147. [147]  El-Shamy, A.M., Farag, H.K., and Saad, W.M. (2017), Comparative study of removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewater using clay and activated carbon in batch and continuous flow systems, Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, 60(6), 1165-1175. DOI: 10.21608/ejchem.2017.1606.1128.
  148. [148]  Nelson, P.O., Chung, A.K., Hudson, M.C. (1981), Factors affecting the fate of heavy metals in the activated sludge process, Journal (Water Pollution Control Federation), 53, 1323-1333.
  149. [149]  Melegy, A., Mohamed, A., and Gamal, M. (2002), Environmental studies on the river Nile and sediments in a highly polluted area in Greater Cairo (South Helwan City), AMSE Journal, 63, 41-53.
  150. [150]  Schindler, P.W. (1967), Heterogeneous Equilibria Involving Oxides, Hydroxides, and Carbonates, p. 196-221. In Gould, R.F. (ed.) Equilibrium contents in natural water systems. Amer. Chem. Soc., Adv. Chemistry Series, 67.
  151. [151]  James, R.O. (1978), Effects of heavy metals on aquatic life, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Cite in Warren (1981).
  152. [152]  Davidson, C.M., Thomas, R.P., McVey, S.E., Perala, R., and Littlejohn, D. (1994), Evaluation of a sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of heavy metals in sediments, Analytica Chimica Acta, 291, 277-86.
  153. [153]  Terzaghi, K. and Peck, R.B. (1948), Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice, Wiley, London, New York.
  154. [154]  Hirst, D.M. (1962), The geochemistry of modern marine sediments from the Gulf of Paria:1. The relationship between the mineralogy and the distribution of the minor elements, Geochim Cosmochim Acta, 26, 309-334.
  155. [155]  Neihof, R.A. and Loeb, G. (1974), Dissolved organic matter in seawater and electric charge of immersed surfaces, Journal of Marine Research, 32, 5-12.
  156. [156]  Balistrieri, L., Brewer, P.G., and Murray, J.W. (1981), Scavenging residence times of trace metals and surface chemistry in sinking particles in the deep ocean, Deep-Sea Research, 28A, 101-121.
  157. [157]  Kersten, M. and F\"{o}rstner, U. (1991), Speciation of Trace Elements in Sediments, In Trace Element Speciation: Analytical Methods and Problems, Batley G. E. (ed.), 245-317.
  158. [158]  Williams, D.E., Vlamis, J., Pukite, A.H., and Corey, J.E. (1980), Trace element accumulation, movement, and distribution in the soil profile from massive applications of sewage sludge, Soil Science, 129, 119-132.
  159. [159]  Chlopecka, A., Bacon, J.R., Wilson, M.J., and Kay, J. (1996), Forms of cadmium, lead, and zinc in contaminated soil from southwest Poland, Journal of Environmental Quality, 25, 69-79.
  160. [160]  Xian, X. (1989), Effect of chemical forms of cadmium, zinc, and lead in polluted soils on their uptake by cabbage plants, Plant Soil, 113, 257- 64.
  161. [161]  Culbard, E.B., Thornton, T., Watt, J., Wheatley, M., Moorcroft, S., and Thompson, M. (1988), Metal contamination in British urban dusts and soils, Journal of Environmental Quality, 17, 226- 234.
  162. [162]  Thornton, I. (1991), Metal contamination of soils in urban areas. In: Bullock, P. and Gregory, P. (eds.), Soils in the Urban Environment, Blackwell, Oxford, 47-75.
  163. [163]  Weiss, P., Riss, A., Gschmeidler, E., and Schentz, H. (1994), Investigation of heavy metal, PAH, PCB patterns, and PCCD/F profiles of soil samples from an industrialized urban area (Linz, Upper Austria) with multivariate statistical methods, Chemosphere, 29, 2223-2236.
  164. [164]  Chon, H.T., Kim, K.W., and Kim, J.Y. (1995), Metal contamination of soils in Seoul metropolitan city, Korea, Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 17, 139-146.
  165. [165]  Chen, T.B., Wong, J.W.C., Zhou, H.Y., and Wong, M.H. (1997), Assessment of trace metal distribution and contamination in surface soils of Hong Kong, Environmental Pollution, 96, 61-68.
  166. [166]  Kasimov, N. and Lychagin, M. (1998), Heavy metals in urban soils in Russia, Symposium 28: Urban and Suburban Soils, Proc. World Cong. Soil Sci., Montpellier, France.
  167. [167]  Lavado, R.S., Rodr{y}guez, M.B., Scheiner, J.D., Taboada, M.A., Rubio, G., Alvarez, R., Alconada, M., and Zubillaga, M. (1998), Heavy metals in soils of Argentina: comparison between urban and agricultural soils, Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 29, 1913-1917.
  168. [168]  Wilcke, W., Lilienfein, J., Lima, S.D.C., and Zech, W. (1999), Contamination of highly weathered urban soils in Uberla-India, Brazil, Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 162, 539-548.
  169. [169]  Harrison, R.M., Laxen, D.P.H., and Wilson, S.J. (1981), Chemical association of lead, cadmium, copper, and zinc in street dusts and roadside soils, Environmental Science $\&$ Technology, 15, 1378-1383.
  170. [170]  Hashim, A.A., Helmy, M.M., and Mouneir, S.M. (2018), Cysteinyl leukotrienes predominantly mediate cisplatin-induced acute renal damage in male rats, Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 69(5), 779-787. DOI: 10.26402/jpp.2018.5.12.
  171. [171]  Gibson, M.J. and Farmer, J.G. (1986), Multistep sequential chemical extraction of heavy metals from urban soils, Environmental Pollution, 11, 117- 135 (series B).
  172. [172]  Ramos, L., Hernandez, L.M., and Gonzalez, M.J. (1994), Sequential fractionation of copper, lead, cadmium, and zinc in soils from or near Donana National Park, Journal of Environmental Quality, 23, 50-57.
  173. [173]  Helmy, M.M. and Mouneir, S.M. (2019), Reno-protective effect of linagliptin against gentamycin nephrotoxicity in rats, Pharmacological Reports, 71(6), 1133-1139.
  174. [174]  Tack, F.M.G. and Verloo, M.G. (1995), Chemical speciation and fractionation in soil and sediment heavy metal analysis: a review, International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 59, 225-238.
  175. [175]  Iskandar, I.K. (1981), Modeling Wastewater Renovation: Land Treatment, John Wiley, New York.
  176. [176]  Sposito, G. (1989), The Chemistry of Soils, New York: Oxford Univ.
  177. [177]  Nordstrum, K. (1979), In ``Chemical Modeling in Aqueous Systems" Jenne, E.A. (ed. (pp. 857-892. ACS Symposium Series No.93, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC.
  178. [178]  James, R.O. and Parks, G.A. (1982), Characterization of aqueous colloids by their electric double-layer and intrinsic surface chemical properties, Surface Colloid Science, 12, 119-216.
  179. [179]  McDuff, R.E. and Morel, F.M.M. (1973), Description and Use of the Chemical Equilibrium Program REDEQL2, Tech. Rpt. EQ-73-02, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California.
  180. [180]  Ingle, S.E., Schuldt, M.D., and Shults, D.W. (1978), A User's Guide for REDEQL-EPA, US Environ. Prot. Agency Rpt. EPA-600/3-78-024. Corvallis, Oregon.
  181. [181]  Mahler, R.J., Bingham, F.T., and Page, A.L. (1978), Journal of Environmental Quality, 7, 221-281.
  182. [182]  El-Shamy, A.M., Abdelfattah, I., Elshafie, O.I., and Shehata, M.F. (2018), Potential removal of organic loads from petroleum wastewater and its effect on the corrosion behavior of municipal networks, Journal of Environmental Management, 219, 325-331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.04.074.
  183. [183]  El-Shamy, A.M. (2020), A Review on Biocidal Activity of Some Chemical Structures and Their Role in Mitigation of Microbial Corrosion, Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, 63(12), 5251-5267. DOI: 10.21608/ejchem.2020.32160.2683
  184. [184]  El-Shamy, A.M., El-Hadek, M.A., Nassef, A.E., and El-Bindary, R.A. (2020), Box-Behnken design to enhance the corrosion resistance of high-strength steel alloy in 3.5 wt.\% NaCl solution, Moroccan Journal of Chemistry, 8(4), 788-800. https://doi.org/10.48317/IMIST.PRSM/morjchem-v8i4.21594.
  185. [185]  El-Shamy, A.M., El-Hadek, M.A., Nassef, A.E., and El-Bindary, R.A. (2020), Optimization of the influencing variables on the corrosion property of steel alloy 4130 in 3.5 wt.\% NaCl solution, Journal of Chemistry, 2020, Article ID 9212491. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/9212491.
  186. [186]  Likens, G.E., Bormann, F.H., Tohnson, N.M., and Pierce, R.S. (1967), The calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium budgets for a small, forested ecosystem, Ecology, 48, 772-785.
  187. [187]  Hultberg, H. (1985), Budgets of base cations, chloride, Nitrogen, and Sulfur in the Acid Lake Gardsjon Catchment, Southwestern Sweden, in F. Andersson and B. Olsson (eds.), Lake Gardsjon: An Acid Forest Lake and its Catchment, Ecological Bulletins, 37, 133-157.
  188. [188]  Paces, T. (1998), Critical loads of heavy metals in soils. A Geochemical and Mineralogical Approach to Environmental Protection [A]: Proceedings of the International School Earth and Planetary Sciences, 193-204.
  189. [189]  Jeffries, D.S., Semkin, R.G., Neureuther, R., and Seymour, M. (1988), Ion mass budgets for lakes in the Turkey lakes watershed, Ontario, Canada, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 45, 47-58.
  190. [190]  Kallio, K. and Kauppi, L. (1990), Ion Budgets of Small Forested Basins, in Kauppi, P. Anttila, P., and Kenttamies, K. (eds.), Acidification in Finland, Springer, Berlin, 811-823.
  191. [191]  Hussein, W.A., Salem, A.A., Fahmy, H.A., Soliman, A.S., and Abbas, M.S. (2022), Effect of carob, doum, and cinnamon powder on blood lipid profile in diabetic rats, Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, 65(9), 317-328. DOI: 10.21608/ejchem.2022.114446.5202.
  192. [192]  Hussein, D., El-Shiekh, R.A., Saber, F.R., Abdel-Sattar, E., and Mouneir, S.M. (2021), Unravelling the anthelmintic bioactives from Jasminum grandiflorum L. subsp. Floribundum adopting in vitro biological assessment, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 275, 114083. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2021.114083
  193. [193]  Hussein, M.E., El Senousy, A.S., Abd-Elsalam, W.H., Mouneir, S.M., and El Fishawy, A.M. (2020), Roselle seed oil and its nano-formulation alleviated oxidative stress, activated nrf2 and downregulated m-RNA expression genes of pro-inflammatory cytokines in paracetamol-intoxicated rat model, Records of Natural Products, 14(1), 1-17. http://doi.org/10.25135/rnp.133.19.03.1220
  194. [194]  Borman, F.H. and Likens, G.E. (1967), Nutrient cycling, Science, 155, 424-429.
  195. [195]  Ulrich, B. (1983), An ecosystem-oriented hypothesis on the effect of air pollution on forest ecosystems. In: Ecological Effects of Acid Deposition. Nat1. Swedish. Environ, Prot. Board-Report, PM.1636, 221-231, Stockholm.
  196. [196]  Paces, T. (1985), Sources of acidification in Central Europe are estimated from elemental budgets in small basins. Nature, 315(6014), 31-36.
  197. [197]  El-Shiekh, R.A., El-Mekkawy, S., Mouneir, S.M., Hassan, A., and Abdel-Sattar, E. (2021), Therapeutic potential of russelioside B as an anti-arthritic agent in Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 270, 113779. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113779.
  198. [198]  El-Shiekh, R.A., Salem, M.A., Mouneir, S.M., Hassan, A., and Abdel-Sattar, E. (2021), A mechanistic study of Solenostemma argel as an anti-rheumatic agent in relation to its metabolite profile using UPLC/HRMS, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 265, 113341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2020.113341.
  199. [199]  Paces, T. (1994), Modeling the Hydrologic and Biogeochemical Response of Catchment Area to Anthropogenic Inputs, G. Bidoglio and W. Stumm (eds.), Chemistry of Aquatic Systems: Local and Global Perspectives, 465-495.
  200. [200]  Paces, T. (2001), Weathering of rocks in soil budgets of trace metals, Proceedings of the Tenth International Symposium on Water-rock Interaction, Villasimius, Italy, 997-1000.
  201. [201]  Melegy, A. (2003), Geochemical mass balance of some toxic heavy metals in a small ecosystem, Egypt, Sedimentology of Egypt, 11, 185-193
  202. [202]  Bishop, K. (1994), Critical Loads for Regional and Local Scales: A Cautionary Scientific Perspective, in Raitio, K. and Kilponen, T. (eds)., Critical loads and critical limit values. Vaasa, Finland, the Finnish Forest Research Institute, 74-76.
  203. [203]  Nilsson, J. and Grennfelt, P. (1988), Critical loads for sulfur and nitrogen. Report from a workshop at Skokloster, Sweden, Miljo report, Copenhagen, Nordic Council of Ministers, N.15, 419.
  204. [204]  de Vries, W. and Bakker, D.L. (1998), Manual for calculating critical loads of heavy metals for terrestrial ecosystems, soil, and surface waters, Report 166. Wageningen, DLO Winand Starting Centre, Den Helder, The Netherlands: TNO Institute of Environmental Science.
  205. [205]  Melegy, A. and Paces, T. (2004), Critical loads of heavy metals in a highly polluted catchment in Egypt, Chinese Journal of Geochemistry, 23, 155-162.
  206. [206]  El-Shamy, A.M., Abdo, A., Gad, E.A.M., Gado, A.A., and El-Kashef, E. (2021), The consequence of magnetic field on the parameters of brackish water in batch and continuous flow system, Bulletin of the National Research Centre, 45, 105. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-021-00565-3.
  207. [207]  El-Shamy, A.M. and Abdel Bar, M.M. (2021), Ionic liquid as water soluble and potential inhibitor for corrosion and microbial corrosion for iron artifacts, Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, 64(4), 1867-876. DOI: 10.21608/ejchem.2021.43786.2887.
  208. [208]  El-Shamy, A.M. (2022), A review on potential adsorbents for water and wastewater treatment based on polymers and nanocomposite polymers, Journal of Mineral, Metal and Material Engineering, 8, 1-24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31437/2414-2115.2022.08.01.
  209. [209]  El-Kashef, E., El-Shamy, A.M., Abdo, A., Gad E.A M., and Gado A.A. (2019), Effect of magnetic treatment of potable water in looped and dead-end water networks, Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, 62(8), 1467-1481. DOI: 10.21608/ejchem.2019.7268.1595.
  210. [210]  Farag, H.K., El-Shamy, A.M., Sherif, E.M., and El Abedin, S.Z. (2016), Sonochemical synthesis of nanostructured ZnO/Ag Composites in an ionic liquid, Zeitschrift f\"{ur Physikalische Chemie}, 230(12), 1733-1744. https://doi.org/10.1515/zpch-2016-0777.
  211. [211]  Abdelfattah, I. and El-Shamy, A.M. (2022), Chitosan as potential de-coloring agent for synthetic and textile industrial wastewater, Journal of Environmental Accounting and Management, 10(3), 305-319.
  212. [212]  Abdelfattah, I., El-Saied, F.A., Almedolab, A.A., and El-Shamy, A.M. (2022), Biosorption as a perfect technique for purification of wastewater contaminated with ammonia, Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 1-30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-021-03794-4.
  213. [213]  Abdelfattah, I., Abuarab, M.E., Mostafa, E., El-Awady, M.H., Aboelghait, K.M., and El-Shamy, A.M. (2022), Integrated system for recycling and treatment of hazardous pharmaceutical wastewater, International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-022-04269-7.
  214. [214]  Abdelfattah, I., Abdelwahab, W., and El-Shamy, A.M. (2022), Montmorillonitic clay as a cost-effective, eco friendly and sustainable adsorbent for physicochemical treatment of contaminated water, Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, 65(2), 687-694. DOI: 10.21608/ejchem.2021.92320.4378.
  215. [215]  Abdelfattah, I. Abdelwahab, W., and El-Shamy, A.M. (2022), Environmental remediation of contaminated wastewater with ammonium using clay-based adsorbents, Nature Environment and Pollution Technology, 21(4).
  216. [216]  Ismail, A.I.M. and El-Shamy, A.M. (2009), Engineering behavior of soil materials on the corrosion of mild steel, Applied Clay Science, 42(3-4), 356-362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2008.03.003.
  217. [217]  Javaherdashti, R., Nwaoha, C., and Tan, H. (2013), Corrosion and Materials in the Oil and Gas Industries, CRC Press. Taylor \& Francis Group. Chapter 19, A. M. El-Shamy. Cathodic Protection in the Oil and Gas Industry, 489-510.

Copyright © 2011-2024 L & H Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. Wildcard SSL Certificates