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ISSN:2325-6192 (print)
ISSN:2325-6206 (online)
Journal of Environmental Accounting and Management
António Mendes Lopes (editor), Jiazhong Zhang(editor)
António Mendes Lopes (editor)

University of Porto, Portugal

Email: aml@fe.up.pt

Jiazhong Zhang (editor)

School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710049, China

Fax: +86 29 82668723 Email: jzzhang@mail.xjtu.edu.cn

A Life Cycle Assessment of Bread Production: A Cuban Case Study

Journal of Environmental Accounting and Management 8(2) (2020) 125--137 | DOI:10.5890/JEAM.2020.06.002

Karel Dieguez Santana$^{1}$, Yannay Cacas-Ledon$^{2}$, JulioA. Loureiro Salabarria$^{3}$, Amaury Perez-Martinez$^{4}$, Luis E. Arteaga-Perez$^{5}$

$^{1}$ Facultad Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Paso Lateral km 2 1/2 Vía Tena, Puyo, Pastaza, Ecuador

$^{2}$ Department of Environmental Engineering, Environmental Science Faculty EULA-Chile Center, University of Concepción, Chile

$^{3}$ Escuela Superior Politécnica Agropecuaria deManabíManuel Félix López, Calceta, 10 de agosto #82 y Granda Centeno, Manabí, Ecuador

$^{4}$ Facultad Ciencias de la Tierra, Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Paso Lateral km 2 1/2 Via Tena, Puyo, Pastaza, Ecuador

$^{5}$ Laboratory of Thermal and Catalytic Processes (LPTC), Wood Engineering Department, University of Bio-Bio, Concepcion, Chile

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Abstract

The bread production sector is a major food business for Cuban population, which has grown slightly in recent years. In an attempt to pro-vide a better understanding about the food industry sustainability in Cuba, this paper presents an environmental life cycle assessment to estimate the impact of bread production on the environment. This study evaluates from factory gate to output analysis of the processing factory, which includes processing each product and packaging. Two scenarios were compared to assess the effect of bread production on deteriorated technology, the potential benefits of incorporating new technology and clean production practices. The main results show that the Bread Production System-year 2011 (Scenario 1), presents the main impacts on humans and the ecosystem; where the bread production process shows the greatest impacts, with inorganic respiration and acidification / eutrophication being the most relevant categories of this environmental study. In the comparative study, the implementation of new technology in the bread production process allows for greater environmental compatibility, and reduces the overall effects related to the different impact categories by 44%, and damage categories by 47%. Finally, the environmental results were compared with other published studies on bread production in different countries, and various improvementmeasures are proposed to reduce the environmental impacts of the production process.

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