[ Log In | Register]
! Skip Navigation Links
Skip Navigation Links
Image of Journal of Applied Nonlinear Dynamics
ISSN:2325-6192 (print)
ISSN:2325-6206 (online)
Journal of Environmental Accounting and Management
António Mendes Lopes (editor), Jiazhong Zhang(editor)
António Mendes Lopes (editor)

University of Porto, Portugal

Email: aml@fe.up.pt

Jiazhong Zhang (editor)

School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710049, China

Fax: +86 29 82668723 Email: jzzhang@mail.xjtu.edu.cn

Spatial Analyses of An Integrated Landscape-seascape Territorial System: The Case of The Overcrowded Gulf of Naples, Southern Italy

Journal of Environmental Accounting and Management 6(4) (2018) 365--380 | DOI:10.5890/JEAM.2018.12.009

Luca Appolloni$^{1}$,$^{2}$, Roberto Sandulli$^{1}$,$^{2}$, Carlo Nike Bianchi$^{3}$, Giovanni Fulvio Russo$^{1}$,$^{2}$

$^{1}$ Marine Ecology Laboratory, Department of Science and Technology, Parthenope University of Naples, Centro Direzionale, Isola C4, 80143 Napoli, Italy

$^{2}$ CoNISMa, Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00197 Rome, Italy

$^{3}$ Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genova, Italy

Download Full Text PDF

 

Abstract

Landscape ecology investigates spatial patterns of natural and anthropogenic ecosystems (anthromes). However, most studies were focused on terrestrial environment, while submarine landscape (seascape) was poorly taken into account. This study represents a first attempt to perform an integrated landscape/seascape spatial analysis of the densely populated Gulf of Naples. Multivariate analyses on landscape metrics were used to detect differences in the spatial patterns of ecosystem patches between landscape and seascape and to compare the effects of anthropogenic impact in terms of spatial heterogeneity. Results showed that landscape, mainly composed by humans perturbed ecosystems, presents higher patch edge dimension, diversity and evenness, and a lower fractal dimension than seascape. Significant differences on edges, diversity metrics, and heterogeneity among patches were also detected between land- and seascape. Landscape showed low γ-variability (a measure of heterogeneity) due to the highly homogenous distribution of ecosystem patches, a characteristic feature of impacted anthropogenic system with low resilience. Conversely, seascape showed high γ-variability, a feature of systems with low anthropogenic impact and high resilience. These outcomes suggest that anthropogenic impact on integrated territorial systems is inversely related to γ-variability, and consequently to resilience. In addition, they also suggest that seascape is more resilient than landscape, also in a highly exploited and overcrowded territorial system like the Gulf of Naples. Such findings can also be useful in support of environmental accounting and management at landscape scale.

Acknowledgments

This work is part of Luca Appolloni Ph.D. thesis (2013-2015), financially supported by a scholarship of Italian Ministry of Education (MIUR) and by National Interuniversity Consortium of Marine Sciences (CoNISMa).

References

  1. [1]  Anderson, M.J. (2001), Permutation tests for univariate or multivariate analysis of variance and regression, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 58, 626-639.
  2. [2]  Anderson, M.J., Ellingsen, K.E., and McArdle, B.H. (2006), Multivariate dispersion as a measure of beta diversity, Ecologica letters, 9, 683-693.
  3. [3]  Anderson, M.J., Crist, T.O., Chase, J.M., Vellend, M., Inouye, B.D., Freestone, A.L., Sanders, N.J., Cornell, H. V., Comita, L.S., Davies, K.F., Harrison, S.P., Kraft, N.J.B., Stegen, J.C. and Swenson, N.G. (2011), Navigating the multiple meanings of beta diversity: A roadmap for the practicing ecologist, Ecological Letters, 14, 19-28.
  4. [4]  Appolloni, L., Bevilacqua, S., Sbrescia, L., Sandulli, R., Terlizzi, A., and Russo, G.F. (2017), Does full protection count for the maintenance of b -diversity patterns in marine communities? Evidence from Mediterranean fish assemblages, Aquatic Conservation Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 27, 828-838.
  5. [5]  Appolloni, L. and Russo, G.F. (2017), Underwater landscape in the Bay of Naples for maritime spatial planning, in: Aveta, A., Marino, B.G., Amore, R. (Eds.), La Baia Di Napoli - Strategie Integrate per La Conservazione e La Fruizione Del Paesaggio Culturale. Artstudio, Napoli, pp. 71-74.
  6. [6]  Appolloni, L., Sandulli, R. and Russo, G.F. (2018a), A new approach to assess marine opportunity costs and monetary values-in-use for spatial planning and conservation; the case of the Gulf of Naples, Mediterranean Sea, Italy, Ocean and Coastal Management, 152, 135-144.
  7. [7]  Appolloni, L., Sandulli, R., Vetrano, G., and Russo, G.F. (2018b), Assessing the effects of habitat patches ensuring propagule supply and different costs inclusion in marine spatial planning through multivariate analyses, Journal of Environmental Management, 214, 45-55.
  8. [8]  Bavestrello, G., Bo, M., Canese, S., Sandulli, R., and Cattaneo-Vietti, R. (2014), The red coral populations of the gulfs of Naples and Salerno: human impact and deep mass mortalities, Italian Journal of Zoology, 81, 552-563.
  9. [9]  Bellan-Santini, D., Bellan, G., Bitar, G., Harmelin, J.G., and Pergent, G. (2002), Handbook for interpreting types of marine habitat for the selection of sites to be included in the national inventories of natural sites of conservation interest, UNEPMAP- RAC/SPA.
  10. [10]  Bevilacqua, S., Plicanti, A., Sandulli, R., and Terlizzi, A. (2012),Measuringmore of beta-diversity: Quantifying patterns of variation in assemblage heterogeneity.An insight from marine benthic assemblages, Ecological Indicators, 18, 140-148.
  11. [11]  Bianchi, C., Catra, M., Giaccone, G., and Morri, C. (2005), Il paesaggio marino costiero: ambienti e biodiversità, in: Cosentino, A., La Posta, A., Maggiore, A.M., Tartaglini, N. (Eds.), Mediterraneo: Ambienti, Paesaggio, Diversità.Direzione per La Protezione Della Natura Del Ministero Dell'Ambiente e Del Territorio. Téchne Editore, Milano, pp.30-61.
  12. [12]  Bianchi, C.N., Parravicini, V., Montefalcone, M., Rovere, A., and Morri, C. (2012), The challenge of managing marine biodiversity: A practical toolkit for a cartographic, territorial approach, Diversity, 4, 419-452.
  13. [13]  Bo, M., Bavestrello, G., Canese, S., Giusti, M., Salvati, E., Angiolillo,M., and Greco, S. (2009), Characteristics of a black coral meadow in the twilight zone of the central Mediterranean Sea, Marine Ecology Progress Series, 397, 53-61.
  14. [14]  Boswell, G.P., Britton, N.F., and Franks, N.R. (1998), Habitat fragmentation, percolation theory and the conservation of a keystone species, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 265, 1921-1925.
  15. [15]  Brühl, C.A., Eltz, T., and Linsenmair, K.E. (2003), Size does matter-effects of tropical rainforest fragmentation on the leaf litter ant community in Sabah, Malaysia, Biodiversity and Conservation, 12, 1371-1389.
  16. [16]  Buechner, M. (1989), Are small-scale landscape features important factors for field studies of small mammal dispersal sinks? Landscape Ecology, 2, 191-199.
  17. [17]  Clarke, K.R. and Gorley, R. (2006), PRIMER V6: User manual-tutorial. https://scholar.google.com/scholar lookup?title= PRIMER%20v6:%20user%20manual/tutorial&author=&publication year=2006.
  18. [18]  Cattaneo-Vietti, R., Bo, M., Cannas, R., Cau, A., Follesa, C., Meliadò, E., Russo, G.., Sandulli, R., Santangelo, G., and Bavestrello, G. (2016), An overexploited Italian treasure: past and present distribution and exploitation of the precious red coral Corallium rubrum (L., 1758 ) (Cnidaria: Anthozoa), Italian Journal of Zoology, 83, 443-455.
  19. [19]  Coll, M., Piroddi, C., Steenbeek, J., Kaschner, K., Lasram, F.B.R., Aguzzi, J., Ballesteros, E., Bianchi, C.N., Corbera, J., Dailianis, T., Danovaro, R., Estrada, M., Froglia, C., Galil, B.S., Gasol, J.M., Gertwage, R., Gil, J., Guilhaumon, F., Kesner-Reyes, K., Kitsos, M.S., Koukouras, A., Lampadariou, N., Laxamana, E., de la Cuadra, C.M.L.F., Lotze, H.K., Martin, D., Mouillot, D., Oro, D., Raicevich, S., Rius-Barile, J., Saiz-Salinas, J.I., Vicente, C.S., Somot, S., Templado, J., Turon, X., Vafidis, D., Villanueva, R., and Voultsiadou, E. (2010), The biodiversity of the Mediterranean Sea: Estimates, patterns, and threats, PLoS One, 5(8), e11842.
  20. [20]  Costantino, G.,Mastrototaro, F., Tursi, A., Torchia, G., Pititto, F., Salerno, G., Lembo, G., Sion, L., D'Onghia, G., Carlucci, R., and Maiorano, P. (2010), Distribution and bio-ecological features of Posidonia oceanica meadows along the coasts of the southern Adriatic and northern Ionian Seas, Chemistry and Ecology, 26, 91-104.
  21. [21]  Costello, M.J. (2009), Distinguishing marine habitat classification concepts for ecological data management,Marine Ecology Progress Series, 397, 253-268.
  22. [22]  Donnarumma, L., Sandulli, R., Appolloni, L. and Russo, G.F. (2018a), Assessing molluscs functional diversity within different coastal habitats of Mediterranean marine protected areas, Ecological Questions, 29, 35-51.
  23. [23]  Donnarumma, L., Sandulli, R., Appolloni, L., Di Stefano, F., and Fulvio Russo, G. (2018b), Morpho-structural and ecological features of a shallow vermetid bioconstruction in the Tyrrhenian Sea (Mediterranean Sea, Italy), Journal of Sea Research, 131, 61-68.
  24. [24]  Ellis, E.C. and Ramankutty, N. (2008), Putting people in the map: Anthropogenic biomes of the world, Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 6, 439-447.
  25. [25]  Fahrig, L. and Nuttle, W.K. (2005), Population ecology in spatially heterogeneous environments, in: Lovett, G.M., Jones, C.G., Turner, M.G., Weathers, K.C. (Eds.), Ecosystem Function in Heterogeneous Landscapes. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. 95-118.
  26. [26]  Farina, A. (2008), Principles and methods in landscape ecology: towards a science of the landscape, Springer Science & Business Media.
  27. [27]  Ferrigno, F., Appolloni, L., Russo, G.F., and Sandulli, R. (2018a), Impact of fishing activities on different coralligenous assemblages of Gulf of Naples (Italy), Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 98, 1-10.
  28. [28]  Ferrigno, F., Russo, G.F., Semprucci, F., and Sandulli, R. (2018b), Unveiling the state of some underexplored deep coralligenous banks in the Gulf of Naples (Mediterranean Sea, Italy), Regional Studies on Marine Sciences, 22, 82-92.
  29. [29]  Folke, C., Carpenter, S.R., Walker, B., Scheffer,M., Elmqvist, T., Gunderson, L. and Holling, C.S. (2004), Regime Shifts, Resilience, and Biodiversity in Ecosystem Management, Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 35, 557-581.
  30. [30]  Franzese, P.P., Russo, G.F., and Ulgiati, S. (2008), Modelling the interplay of environment, economy and resources in Marine Protected Areas. A case study in Southern Italy, Ecological Questions, 10, 91-97.
  31. [31]  Franzese, P.P., Buonocore, E., Paoli, C., Massa, F., Donati, S., Fanciulli, G., Miccio, A., Mollica, E., Navone, A., Russo, G.F., Povero, P., and Vassallo, P. (2015), Environmental Accounting in Marine Protected Areas: the EAMPA Project, Journal of Environmental Accounting and Management, 3, 324-332.
  32. [32]  Franzese P.P., Buonocore E., Donnarumma L., and Russo G.F. (2017), Natural capital accounting in marine protected areas: The case of the Islands of Ventotene and S. Stefano (Central Italy), Ecological Modelling, 360, 290-299.
  33. [33]  Gustafson, E.J. and Parker, G.R. (1994), Using an index of habitat proximity for landscape design, Landscape and Urban Planning 29, 117-130.
  34. [34]  Hansson, L., Fahrig, L., andMerriam, G. (1995),Mosaic landscapes and ecological processes, Chapman and Hall, London.
  35. [35]  Hardt, R. and Forman, R. (1989), Boundary Form Effects on Woody Colonization of Reclaimed Surface Mines, Ecology, 70, 1252-1260.
  36. [36]  Hendrickx, F., Maelfait, J., Van Wingerden, W., Schweiger, O., Speelmans, M., Aviron, S., Augenstein, I., Billeter, R., Bailey, D., and Bukacek, R. (2007), How landscape structure, land-use intensity and habitat diversity affect components of total arthropod diversity in agricultural landscapes, Journal of Applied Ecology, 44, 340-351.
  37. [37]  Hily, C. and Bernard, M. (2014), Can We use a Landscape Approach to Assess Natural and Anthropogenic Perturbations of the Rocky Shore Ecosystems? in: Underwater Seascapes. Springer, pp. 201-217.
  38. [38]  Holt, R.D. (1992), A neglected facet of island biogeography: the role of internal spatial dynamics in area effects, Theoretical Population Biology, 41, 354-371.
  39. [39]  Hovel, K.A. and Lipcius, R.N. (2001), Habitat fragmentation in a seagrass landscape: Patch size and complexity control blue crab survival, Ecology, 82, 1814-1829.
  40. [40]  Häyhä, T. and Franzese, P.P. (2014), Ecosystem services assessment: A review under an ecological-economic and systems perspective, Ecological Modelling 289, 124-132.
  41. [41]  Jongman, R.H.G., Kulvik, M., and Kristiansen, I. (2004), Ecological Networks and Greenways, Landsc. Urban Planing, 68, 305-319.
  42. [42]  King, A.W. (1999), Dispersal success on fractal landscapes: a consequence of lacunarity thresholds, Landscape Ecology, 14, 73-82.
  43. [43]  Krummel, J.R., Gardner, R.H., Sugihara, G., O'Neill, R.V., and Coleman, P.R. (1987), Landscape Patterns in a Disturbed Environment, Oikos, 48, 321-324.
  44. [44]  Li, B.L. (2000), Fractal geometry applications in description and analysis of patch patterns and patch dynamics, Ecological Modelling, 132, 33-50.
  45. [45]  Loreau, M., Mouquet, N., and Holt, R.D. (2003), Meta-ecosystems: A theoretical framework for a spatial ecosystem ecology, Ecological Letters, 6, 673-679.
  46. [46]  Lotze, H.K., Coll, M., and Dunne, J.A. (2011), Historical Changes in Marine Resources, Food-web Structure and Ecosystem Functioning in the Adriatic Sea, Mediterranean, Ecosystems, 14, 198-222.
  47. [47]  Martin, L.J., Blossey, B., and Ellis, E. (2012), Mapping where ecologists work: Biases in the global distribution of terrestrial ecological observations, Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 10, 195-201.
  48. [48]  Martin, L.J., Quinn, J.E., Ellis, E.C., Shaw, M.R., Dorning, M.A., Hallett, L.M., Heller, N.E., Hobbs, R.J., Kraft, C.E., Law, E., Michel, N.L., Perring, M.P., Shirey, P.D., and Wiederholt, R. (2014), Conservation opportunities across the world's anthromes, Diversity Distribution, 20, 745-755.
  49. [49]  Massol, F., Gravel, D., Mouquet, N., Cadotte, M.W., Fukami, T., and Leibold, M.A. (2011), Linking community and ecosystem dynamics through spatial ecology, Ecological Letters, 14, 313-323.
  50. [50]  Mcgarigal, K. and Marks, B.J. (1994), FRAGSTATS: Manual. Spatial pattern analysis program for quantifying landscape structure. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific.
  51. [51]  Montefalcone, M., Parravicini, V., and Bianchi, C.N. (2011), Quantification of coastal ecosystem resilience, in: Treatise on Estuarine and Coastal Science, Academic Press: Waltham, MA, USA, pp. 49-70.
  52. [52]  Mouquet, N. and Loreau,M. (2003), Community patterns in source-sink metacommunities, The American Naturalist, 162, 544-557.
  53. [53]  Nikodinoska, N., Paletto, A., Pastorella, F., Granvik, M., and Franzese, P.P. (2018), Assessing, valuing and mapping ecosystem services at city level: The case of Uppsala (Sweden), Ecological Modelling, 368, 411-424.
  54. [54]  Oliver, T.H., Heard, M.S., Isaac, N.J.B., Roy, D.B., Procter, D., Eigenbrod, F., Freckleton, R., Hector, A., Orme, C.D.L., Petchey, O.L., Proença, V., Raffaelli, D., Suttle, K.B., Mace, G.M., Martín-López, B., Woodcock, B.A. and Bullock, J.M. (2015), Biodiversity and Resilience of Ecosystem Functions, Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 30(11), 673-684.
  55. [55]  Olson, D.M., Dinerstein, E., Wikramanayake, E.D., Burgess, N.D., Powell, G.V.N., Underwood, E.C., D'amico, J.A., Itoua, I., Strand, H.E., Morrison, J.C., Loucks, C.J., Allnutt, T.F., Ricketts, T.H., Kura, Y., Lamoreux, J.F., Wettengel, W.W., Hedao, P., and Kassem, K.R. (2001), Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World: A New Map of Life on Earth, Bioscience, 51, 933-938.
  56. [56]  Pergent, G., Pergent-Martini, C., and Boudouresque, C.-F. (1995), Utilisation de l'herbier à Posidonia oceanica comme indicateur biologique de la qualité du milieu littoral en Méditerranée: état des connaissances, Mésogée, 54, 3-27.
  57. [57]  Picone, F., Buonocore, E., D'Agostaro, R., Donati, S., Chemello, R., and Franzese P.P. (2017), Integrating natural capital assessment and marine spatial planning: A case study in the Mediterranean sea, Ecological Modelling, 361, 1-13.
  58. [58]  Pickett, S.T.A. and Cadenasso, M.L. (1995), Landscape Ecology: Spatial Heterogeneity in Ecological Systems, Science, 269, 331-334.
  59. [59]  Pittman, S.J. and Brown, K.A. (2011), Multi-scale approach for predicting fish species distributions across coral reef seascapes, PLoS One, 6, e20583.
  60. [60]  Plexida, S.G., Sfougaris, A.I., Ispikoudis, I.P., and Papanastasis, V.P. (2014). Selecting landscape metrics as indicators of spatial heterogeneity-Acomparison among Greek landscapes, International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 26, 26-35.
  61. [61]  Reiners, W.A. (2005), Reciprocal cause and effect between environmental heterogeneity and transport processes, in: Ecosystem Function in Heterogeneous Landscapes, pp. 67-89.
  62. [62]  Rempel, R.S., Kaukinen, D., and Carr, A.P. (2012), Patch analyst and patch grid, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. Centre for Northern Forest Ecosystem Research, Thunder Bay, Ontario.
  63. [63]  Rovere, A., Parravicini, V., Vacchi, M., Montefalcone, M., Morri, C., Bianchi, C.N., and Firpo, M. (2010), Geoenvironmental cartography of the marine protected area "Isola di Bergeggi"(Liguria, NW Mediterranean Sea), Journal of Maps, 6, 505-519.
  64. [64]  Russo, G.F. (1992), Il banco di Santa Croce, Ambiente e Mass Media, Il Mare e le Coste, 96.
  65. [65]  Russo, G.F. (1995), I fondali marini del Golfo di Napoli e del litorale ischitano: particolarità e paradossi, Scheria, 10, 58-72.
  66. [66]  Scheffer, M., Carpenter, S., Foley, J.A, Folke, C., and Walker, B. (2001), Catastrophic shifts in ecosystems, Nature, 413, 591-596.
  67. [67]  Sandulli, R., Semprucci, F., and Balsamo, M. (2014), Taxonomic and functional biodiversity variations of meiobenthic and nematode assemblages across an extreme environment: a study case in a Blue Hole cave, Italian Journal of Zoology, 81, 508-516.
  68. [68]  Semprucci, F. and Balsamo, M. (2012), Key role of free-living nematodes in the marine ecosystem, in: Boeri, F., Jordan, A.C. (Eds.), Nematodes: Morphology, Functions andManagement Strategies. OVA Science Publishers, Inc. Hauppauge, New York, pp. 109-134.
  69. [69]  Semprucci, F., Balsamo, M., and Sandulli, R. (2016), Assessment of the ecological quality (EcoQ) of the Venice lagoon using the structure and biodiversity of the meiofaunal assemblages. Ecological Indicators, 67, 451-457.
  70. [70]  Siqueira, T., Lacerda, C.G.L.T., and Saito, V.S. (2015), How does landscape modification induce biological homogenization in tropical stream metacommunities? Biotropica, 47, 509-516.
  71. [71]  Sterner, R.W. and Elser, J.J. (2002), Ecological stoichiometry: the biology of elements from molecules to the biosphere, Princeton University Press, New Jersey.
  72. [72]  Tallis, H., Ferdaña, Z., and Gray, E. (2008), Linking terrestrial and marine conservation planning and threats analysis, Conservation Biology, 22, 120-130.
  73. [73]  Turner, M.G., Gardner, R.H., and O'neill, R.V. (2001), Landscape ecology in theory and practice: pattern and process, Springer-Verlag, New York.
  74. [74]  Uuemaa, E., Mander, Ü., and Marja, R. (2013), Trends in the use of landscape spatial metrics as landscape indicators: A review, Ecological Indicators 28, 100-106.
  75. [75]  Václavík, T., Lautenbach, S., Kuemmerle, T., and Seppelt, R. (2013), Mapping global land system archetypes, Global Environmental Change, 23, 1637-1647.
  76. [76]  Van Nes, E.H. and Scheffer, M. (2005), Implications of spatial heterogeneity for catastrophic regime shifts in ecosystems, Ecology, 86, 1797-1807.
  77. [77]  Vega Fernandez, T., Milazzo, M., Badalamenti, F. and D'Anna, G. (2005), Comparison of the fish assemblages associated with after the partial loss and consequent fragmentation of the meadow, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 65, 645-653.
  78. [78]  Vassallo, P., Paoli, C., Buonocore, E., Franzese, P.P., Russo, G.F., and Povero, P. (2017), Assessing the value of natural capital in marine protected areas: A biophysical and trophodynamic environmental accounting model. Ecological Modelling, 355, 12-17.
  79. [79]  Wang, S. and Loreau, M. (2014), Ecosystem stability in space: alpha, beta and gamma variability, Ecological Letters, 17, 891-901.
  80. [80]  With, K.A. and Crist, T.O. (1995), Critical thresholds in species' responses to landscape structure, Ecology, 76, 2446-2459.
  81. [81]  With, K.A., Rochelle, J.A., Lehmann, L.A., and Wisniewski, J. (1999), Is landscape connectivity necessary and sufficient for wildlife management? Forest Fragmentation: Wildlife and Management Implications, 97-115.
  82. [82]  Worm, B., Barbier, E.B., Beaumont, N., Duffy, J.E., Folke, C., Halpern, B.S., Jackson, J.B.C., Lotze, H.K., Micheli, F., Palumbi, S.R., Sala, E., Selkoe, K. a, Stachowicz, J.J., and Watson, R. (2006), Impacts of biodiversity loss on ocean ecosystem services, Science, 314, 787-790.

Copyright © 2011-2024 L & H Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. Wildcard SSL Certificates