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Journal of Applied Nonlinear Dynamics 13(1) (2024) 49--63 | DOI:10.5890/JAND.2024.03.005

T. Mahalakshmi$^1$, Ruey-Jen Yang$^{2}$, Ali J Chamkha$^{3}$, V. Krishnaveni$^{4}$

$^{1}$ Department of Mathematics, Sri Krishna Adithya College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore 641042, India

$^2$ Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101 Taiwan

$^3$ Kuwait College of Science and Technology, Doha District, 35004, Kuwait

$^4$ Department of Mathematics, KG College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore 641035, India

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Abstract

Simulations are performed to examine the mixed convection flow behavior within a wall-driven square enclosure containing Ag-water nanofluid. The enclosure is assumed to contain a center heater and is acted on by a longitudinal magnetic field. The resulting magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow equations are solved using the finite volume method (FVM) and SIMPLE algorithm for two orientations of the heater, namely horizontal and vertical. The simulations focus specifically on the effects of the heater length, Richardson number (Ri = Gr/Re, where 10${}^{2 }$ $\leq$ Gr $\leq$ 10${}^{6}$ and Re = 100), the Hartmann number (0 $\leq$ Ha $\leq$ 100), and the Ag nanoparticle volume fraction (0.0 $\leq$ $\varphi$ $\leq$ 0.09) on the fluid flow and heat transfer performance within the enclosure. It is shown that, irrespective of the heater orientation, the heat transfer rate increases with an increasing heater length. However, as the magnetic field strength increases, the convection effect is suppressed, and hence the heat transfer performance reduces. Also, it is found that heat transfer rate increases with an increasing solid volume fraction of Ag nanoparticles into the pure water.

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