Vol. 9, No. 4 (2025): Regular Issue

The paper acknowledges the fractional five dimensional chaotic system based on memcapacitor and meminductor. The system is thoroughly analyzed by using dynamical tools of phase portraits, bifurcation diagrams, Lyapunov values, solution, stagnation points. Considering uncertainties and disturbances chaos in the system is controlled and uncertainties with disturbances are estimated using adaptive sliding mode technique.

This paper presents the steady flow of a viscous incompressible fluid within a channel with effects of slip and reabsorption at the permable walls. The fluid flux across the wall that is the reabsorption assumed as a function of axial length which is a crucial process in biological systems. To obtain approximations for fluid flow variables the regular perturbation method is applied. The reabsorption process and slip coefficient have a significant impact on flow variables like velocities, pressure drop, and wall shear stress (WSS) and these effects are illustrated though the figures. It is found that when reabsorption and slip increase the profiles of pressure drop and wall shear stress decrease. Furthermore the fluid flow velocity in the channel is depicted by the contour plots of the stream function. This consideration of both slip and reabsorption effects may apply to physiological processes such as renal tubule flows and blood flow through the vessels. The obtained computations show agreement with previous works as the slip coefficient tends to zero.

This current research work investigates the mathematical models of biosensors. The given models are constructed which depends on non-linear reaction equations pertaining with an enzyme process element. The approximate analytical results for time-dependent conditions of concentrations and current are provided in dimensional for all values of the parameters. The semi-analytical findings for the concentrations of substrate, co-substrate as well as the current are attained by utilising the new homotopy perturbation method (NHPM). On comparing the numerical simulation with our findings, a good fit is reached. The impacts of several parameters, including the substrate's reaction rate constant and co-substrate, diffusion coefficient for substrate and co-substrate, maximal velocity of enzyme reaction and thickness of the active membrane are graphically represented. The effect of numerous parameters on current namely maximal velocity of enzyme reaction, diffusion coefficient for co-substrate and substrate's reaction rate constant are displayed graphically.

High-quality images are fundamental to computer vision tasks. However, in practical applications, the presence of specular highlights obscures the texture and color information on object surfaces, significantly degrading image quality. Existing highlight removal methods either have poor highlight removal effects or, when processing images in which original features of objects exist in highlight areas, remove both the highlights and the original features of the objects. To address this issue, this paper proposes a highlight removal method for smooth objects based on the pix2pixHD model. First, a highlight dataset is created based on the characteristics of the pix2pixHD model, where each highlight image is paired with a corresponding real highlight-free image. Second, a highlight removal network is designed using pix2pixHD as the base framework. During training, discriminators at two scales are introduced to evaluate the highlight-free images generated by the generator, providing more comprehensive feedback to the generator. This encourages the generator to preserve the original features of objects beneath highlighted areas while converting highlight images to highlight-free images. Furthermore, a perceptual loss function is incorporated to enhance the visual quality of the generated highlight-free images. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively remove specular highlights visually while preserving the original features of objects beneath highlighted areas. Additionally, it exhibits favorable performance in terms of PSNR and SSIM metrics.

In this article, we develop and analyze a model that integrates both epidemic and economic aspects to assess the impact of poverty on the spread of hepatitis B. This model produces positive and bounded solutions. We demonstrate that the disease-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable when \(R_{0}^{h}<1\), while it becomes unstable when \(R_{0}^{h}>1\). Furthermore, we identify a unique endemic equilibrium. Additionally, we examine various investment cases using a critical value to evaluate how the factor of poverty influences populations infected with hepatitis B over a given period. The reduction in the disease can be attributed to increased capital, effective awareness programs, and improved healthcare coverage. To confirm these results, we conducted a sensitivity analysis using the PRCC method, which helps to understand the dynamics of hepatitis B and effectively guide public health efforts. Finally, we analyze the eradication and persistence of hepatitis B in the populations of developing countries, supported by numerical simulations. Our conclusions indicate that economic growth has a positive influence on the spread of hepatitis B.

The expected behaviour and number of topological defects that appear within a one dimensional object that undergoes a second order phase transition is well known and well defined by the Kibble- Zurek Mechanism. However one issue that is not usually tackled is whether or not a ring (close ended) structure has a differing behaviour from a linear (open ended) structure. The divergent behaviour could mean that classical statistical approaches to the problem might not be enough to fully describe the nature of this process. This ansatz is due to the fact that open ended structures do not have the effect of the lattice coupling at their boundary lattice sites. We theorise that the divergence due to this characteristic is meaningful for structures with a very small number of lattice sites. In this paper we present a comparison for the boundary condition of extremely small structures, approximately up to 22 lattice sites, where the shape of the lattice and the boundaries have a visible divergence in their behaviour. We also study the antiphase coupling case, where at least one defect should arise due the symmetry of the coupling being broken with a repulsive behaviour.