Retraction: “Unveiling Environmental Corrosion Mechanisms in Ancient Egyptian Bronze Spearheads for Conservation”
Issued by: Editor, Journal of Environmental Accounting and Management
Published: September 28, 2026
Notice DOI: 10.5890/JEAM.2025.06.004.R1
The Editor has decided to retract the article by Ashraf M. El-Shamy, Mohamed M. Megahed, Noha H. El-Ashery, and Saleh M. Saleh, published in Journal of Environmental Accounting and Management, 13(2), 151–190 (2025), https://doi.org/10.5890/JEAM.2025.06.004.
An editorial examination identified substantial problems with the article’s references. Twenty cited sources could not be independently verified, and twelve additional references contain DOIs that identify publications different from the cited authors and titles. These concerns extend beyond isolated bibliographic errors and undermine confidence in the accuracy and reliability of the article’s supporting literature.
Given the extent of these problems, the Editor considers a correction insufficient and has concluded that the article should be retracted to preserve the integrity of the scholarly record.